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1 разновидность шотландского мелкозернистого шлифовального камня
разновидность шотландского мелкозернистого шлифовального камня
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[Англо-русский геммологический словарь. Красноярск, КрасБерри. 2007.]Тематики
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > разновидность шотландского мелкозернистого шлифовального камня
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2 вид шотландского мелкозернистого шлифовального камня
Geology: Ayr stoneУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > вид шотландского мелкозернистого шлифовального камня
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3 McAdam, John Loudon
[br]b. 21 September 1756 Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotlandd. 26 November 1836 Moffat, Dumfriesshire, Scotland[br]Scottish road builder, inventor of the macadam road surface.[br]McAdam was the son of one of the founder of the first bank in Ayr. As an infant, he nearly died in a fire which destroyed the family's house of Laywyne, in Carsphairn parish; the family then moved to Blairquhan, near Straiton. Thence he went to the parish school in Maybole, where he is said to have made a model section of a local road. In 1770, when his father died, he was sent to America where he was brought up by an uncle who was a merchant in New York. He stayed in America until the close of the revolution, becoming an agent for the sale of prizes and managing to amass a considerable fortune. He returned to Scotland where he settled at Sauchrie in Ayrshire. There he was a magistrate, Deputy-Lieutenant of the county and a road trustee, spending thirteen years there. In 1798 he moved to Falmouth in Devon, England, on his appointment as agent for revictualling of the Royal Navy in western ports.He continued the series of experiments started in Ayrshire on the construction of roads. From these he concluded that a road should be built on a raised foundation with drains formed on either side, and should be composed of a number of layers of hard stone broken into angular fragments of roughly cubical shape; the bottom layer would be larger rocks, with layers of progressively smaller rocks above, all bound together with fine gravel. This would become compacted and almost impermeable to water by the action of the traffic passing over it. In 1815 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Bristol's roads and put his theories to the test.In 1823 a Committee of the House of Commons was appointed to consider the use of "macadamized" roads in larger towns; McAdam gave evidence to this committee, and it voted to give him £10,000 for his past work. In 1827 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Roads and moved to Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire. From there he made yearly visits to Scotland and it was while returning from one of these that he died, at Moffat in the Scottish Borders. He had married twice, both times to American women; his first wife was the mother of all seven of his children.McAdam's method of road construction was much cheaper than that of Thomas Telford, and did much to ease travel and communications; it was therefore adopted by the majority of Turnpike Trusts in Britain, and the macadamization process quickly spread to other countries.[br]Bibliography1819. A Practical Essay on the Scientific Repair and Preservation of Roads.1820. Present State of Road-Making.Further ReadingR.Devereux, 1936, John Loudon McAdam: A Chapter from the History of Highways, London: Oxford University Press.IMcN
См. также в других словарях:
ayr stone — ˈa(a)(ə)r , ˈe(ə)r noun Usage: usually capitalized A Etymology: from Ayr, Scotland : a stone used as a whetstone and for surfacing and polishing * * * /air/ a fine grained stone used for polishing marble and as a whetstone. Also called snakestone … Useful english dictionary
ayr stone — /air/ a fine grained stone used for polishing marble and as a whetstone. Also called snakestone. [1855 60; named after AYR] * * * … Universalium
water-of-ayr stone — noun see water of ayr … Useful english dictionary
Ayr — AYR, a sea port, burgh, and market town, in the district of Kyle, county of Ayr, of which it is the capital, 77 miles (S. W. by W.) from Edinburgh, and 34 (S. S. W.) from Glasgow; containing 8264 inhabitants. This place derives its name from… … A Topographical dictionary of Scotland
Ayr — infobox UK place country = Scotland official name = Ayr scots name = Ayr gaelic name = Inbhir Àir population = 46,431 [cite web|publisher=Scotland s Census Results Online|title =Comparative Population Profile: Ayr Locality |… … Wikipedia
Ayr, Ontario — The village of Ayr, Ontario, Canada is a settlement located within the Township of North Dumfries in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo in Southwestern Ontario. Ayr is located south of Kitchener and west of Cambridge. History In 1824, Abel… … Wikipedia
Ayr RFC — Rugby team teamname = Ayr imagesize = 75px union = Scottish Rugby Union fullname = Ayr Rugby Football Club founded = 1897 ground = Millbrae coach = flagicon|Scotland location = Ayr, Scotland country url = www.ayrrugbyclub.co.uk league =… … Wikipedia
Ayr (original) railway station — Infobox UK disused station name = Ayr caption = line = Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway manager = Glasgow and South Western Railway locale = Ayr borough = Ayrshire latitude = 55.4666 longitude = 4.6317 gridref = NS336223 years = 5… … Wikipedia
water of ayr — noun or water of ayr stone Usage: usually capitalized A Etymology: from Water of Ayr (Ayr), river in Scotland : ayr stone … Useful english dictionary
scotch stone — noun Usage: usually capitalized 1st S : ayr stone … Useful english dictionary
Newton-Upon-Ayr — NEWTON UPON AYR, a burgh, market town, and parish, in the district of Kyle, county of Ayr; containing 4482 inhabitants. This place derives its name from its being of more recent foundation than the county town, and from its position on the… … A Topographical dictionary of Scotland
